1. I. ТЕСТ НА ОЗНАКОМИТЕЛЬНОЕ ЧТЕНИЕ

    Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Although atoms were once thought to be the smallest pieces of matter, it has been found that they are made up of even smaller particles of matter. Atoms have a particular structure of their own.

    Atoms are made up of a central nucleus, with electrons (negatively charged particles) in orbit about this nucleus Since each of the electrons has a negative charge and like charges repel one another, it could not be explained how such a configuration of electrons could stay together if no other particles existed. However, if the nucleus contained a number of protons (positively charged particles) equal to the number of electrons, the attractive force between the unlike electrical charges (electrons and protons) would be sufficient to hold the electrons in orbit about the nucleus.

    The difficulty with this theory is that the positive protons in the nucleus would repel one another. Therefore, it woul be impossible for protons alone to make up the nucleus. In 1932 Chadwick discovered a second component of the nucleus which he called a neutron. A neutron is an uncharged particle with approximately the same mass as a proton. These neutrons exert a very strong short-range force which overcomes the repulsive forces of protons one for another. Thus atoms have a central nucleus of proton and neutrons, the protons having an equal but opposit electrical charge compared to the electrons. The force of attraction between unlike charges keeps the electrons in orbit around the nucleus.

    1. Укажите предложение, отражающее основную мысль прочитанного текста:

    1.   Atoms are the smallest pieces of matter.
    2.   Atoms have a particular structure comprising electrons protons and neutrons.
    3.   A nucleus consists of protons and neutrons.

  2. I. ТЕСТ НА ОЗНАКОМИТЕЛЬНОЕ ЧТЕНИЕ

    Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Although atoms were once thought to be the smallest pieces of matter, it has been found that they are made up of even smaller particles of matter. Atoms have a particular structure of their own.

    Atoms are made up of a central nucleus, with electrons (negatively charged particles) in orbit about this nucleus Since each of the electrons has a negative charge and like charges repel one another, it could not be explained how such a configuration of electrons could stay together if no other particles existed. However, if the nucleus contained a number of protons (positively charged particles) equal to the number of electrons, the attractive force between the unlike electrical charges (electrons and protons) would be sufficient to hold the electrons in orbit about the nucleus.

    The difficulty with this theory is that the positive protons in the nucleus would repel one another. Therefore, it woul be impossible for protons alone to make up the nucleus. In 1932 Chadwick discovered a second component of the nucleus which he called a neutron. A neutron is an uncharged particle with approximately the same mass as a proton. These neutrons exert a very strong short-range force which overcomes the repulsive forces of protons one for another. Thus atoms have a central nucleus of proton and neutrons, the protons having an equal but opposit electrical charge compared to the electrons. The force of attraction between unlike charges keeps the electrons in orbit around the nucleus.

    2. Отметьте заголовок, отражающий главную мысль текcта:

    1.   The smallest pieces of matter
    2.   Atomic structure
    3.   Nucleus components

  3. I. ТЕСТ НА ОЗНАКОМИТЕЛЬНОЕ ЧТЕНИЕ

    Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Although atoms were once thought to be the smallest pieces of matter, it has been found that they are made up of even smaller particles of matter. Atoms have a particular structure of their own.

    Atoms are made up of a central nucleus, with electrons (negatively charged particles) in orbit about this nucleus Since each of the electrons has a negative charge and like charges repel one another, it could not be explained how such a configuration of electrons could stay together if no other particles existed. However, if the nucleus contained a number of protons (positively charged particles) equal to the number of electrons, the attractive force between the unlike electrical charges (electrons and protons) would be sufficient to hold the electrons in orbit about the nucleus.

    The difficulty with this theory is that the positive protons in the nucleus would repel one another. Therefore, it woul be impossible for protons alone to make up the nucleus. In 1932 Chadwick discovered a second component of the nucleus which he called a neutron. A neutron is an uncharged particle with approximately the same mass as a proton. These neutrons exert a very strong short-range force which overcomes the repulsive forces of protons one for another. Thus atoms have a central nucleus of proton and neutrons, the protons having an equal but opposit electrical charge compared to the electrons. The force of attraction between unlike charges keeps the electrons in orbit around the nucleus.

    3. Укажите предложение, не соответствующее содержанию текста:

    1.   Atoms are made up of electrons, protons and neutrons.
    2.   There existed some difficulties in the explanation of atomic structure.
    3.   Molecules consist of atoms.
    4.   Все предложения соответствуют содержанию текста.

  4. I. ТЕСТ НА ОЗНАКОМИТЕЛЬНОЕ ЧТЕНИЕ

    Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Although atoms were once thought to be the smallest pieces of matter, it has been found that they are made up of even smaller particles of matter. Atoms have a particular structure of their own.

    Atoms are made up of a central nucleus, with electrons (negatively charged particles) in orbit about this nucleus Since each of the electrons has a negative charge and like charges repel one another, it could not be explained how such a configuration of electrons could stay together if no other particles existed. However, if the nucleus contained a number of protons (positively charged particles) equal to the number of electrons, the attractive force between the unlike electrical charges (electrons and protons) would be sufficient to hold the electrons in orbit about the nucleus.

    The difficulty with this theory is that the positive protons in the nucleus would repel one another. Therefore, it woul be impossible for protons alone to make up the nucleus. In 1932 Chadwick discovered a second component of the nucleus which he called a neutron. A neutron is an uncharged particle with approximately the same mass as a proton. These neutrons exert a very strong short-range force which overcomes the repulsive forces of protons one for another. Thus atoms have a central nucleus of proton and neutrons, the protons having an equal but opposit electrical charge compared to the electrons. The force of attraction between unlike charges keeps the electrons in orbit around the nucleus.

    4. Укажите абзац, в котром выражена основная идея текста:

    1.   1
    2.   2
    3.   3

  5. I. ТЕСТ НА ОЗНАКОМИТЕЛЬНОЕ ЧТЕНИЕ

    Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Although atoms were once thought to be the smallest pieces of matter, it has been found that they are made up of even smaller particles of matter. Atoms have a particular structure of their own.

    Atoms are made up of a central nucleus, with electrons (negatively charged particles) in orbit about this nucleus Since each of the electrons has a negative charge and like charges repel one another, it could not be explained how such a configuration of electrons could stay together if no other particles existed. However, if the nucleus contained a number of protons (positively charged particles) equal to the number of electrons, the attractive force between the unlike electrical charges (electrons and protons) would be sufficient to hold the electrons in orbit about the nucleus.

    The difficulty with this theory is that the positive protons in the nucleus would repel one another. Therefore, it woul be impossible for protons alone to make up the nucleus. In 1932 Chadwick discovered a second component of the nucleus which he called a neutron. A neutron is an uncharged particle with approximately the same mass as a proton. These neutrons exert a very strong short-range force which overcomes the repulsive forces of protons one for another. Thus atoms have a central nucleus of proton and neutrons, the protons having an equal but opposit electrical charge compared to the electrons. The force of attraction between unlike charges keeps the electrons in orbit around the nucleus.

    5. Отметьте абзацы, в которых говорится о:

    а) The forces that hold the atom as a single unit

    1.   1
    2.   2
    3.   3
    4.   1, 2
    5.   2, 3
    6.   1, 3

  6. I. ТЕСТ НА ОЗНАКОМИТЕЛЬНОЕ ЧТЕНИЕ

    Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Although atoms were once thought to be the smallest pieces of matter, it has been found that they are made up of even smaller particles of matter. Atoms have a particular structure of their own.

    Atoms are made up of a central nucleus, with electrons (negatively charged particles) in orbit about this nucleus Since each of the electrons has a negative charge and like charges repel one another, it could not be explained how such a configuration of electrons could stay together if no other particles existed. However, if the nucleus contained a number of protons (positively charged particles) equal to the number of electrons, the attractive force between the unlike electrical charges (electrons and protons) would be sufficient to hold the electrons in orbit about the nucleus.

    The difficulty with this theory is that the positive protons in the nucleus would repel one another. Therefore, it woul be impossible for protons alone to make up the nucleus. In 1932 Chadwick discovered a second component of the nucleus which he called a neutron. A neutron is an uncharged particle with approximately the same mass as a proton. These neutrons exert a very strong short-range force which overcomes the repulsive forces of protons one for another. Thus atoms have a central nucleus of proton and neutrons, the protons having an equal but opposit electrical charge compared to the electrons. The force of attraction between unlike charges keeps the electrons in orbit around the nucleus.

    5. Отметьте абзацы, в которых говорится о:

    b) The elements of atomic structure that overcome the repulsive forces occurring among the protons.

    1.   1
    2.   2
    3.   3
    4.   1, 2
    5.   2, 3
    6.   1, 3

  7. I. ТЕСТ НА ОЗНАКОМИТЕЛЬНОЕ ЧТЕНИЕ

    Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Although atoms were once thought to be the smallest pieces of matter, it has been found that they are made up of even smaller particles of matter. Atoms have a particular structure of their own.

    Atoms are made up of a central nucleus, with electrons (negatively charged particles) in orbit about this nucleus Since each of the electrons has a negative charge and like charges repel one another, it could not be explained how such a configuration of electrons could stay together if no other particles existed. However, if the nucleus contained a number of protons (positively charged particles) equal to the number of electrons, the attractive force between the unlike electrical charges (electrons and protons) would be sufficient to hold the electrons in orbit about the nucleus.

    The difficulty with this theory is that the positive protons in the nucleus would repel one another. Therefore, it woul be impossible for protons alone to make up the nucleus. In 1932 Chadwick discovered a second component of the nucleus which he called a neutron. A neutron is an uncharged particle with approximately the same mass as a proton. These neutrons exert a very strong short-range force which overcomes the repulsive forces of protons one for another. Thus atoms have a central nucleus of proton and neutrons, the protons having an equal but opposit electrical charge compared to the electrons. The force of attraction between unlike charges keeps the electrons in orbit around the nucleus.

    5. Отметьте абзацы, в которых говорится о:

    c) The constituents of an atom that allow the electrons to stay on their orbits

    1.   1
    2.   2
    3.   3
    4.   1, 2
    5.   1, 3
    6.   2, 3

  8. I. ТЕСТ НА ОЗНАКОМИТЕЛЬНОЕ ЧТЕНИЕ

    Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Although atoms were once thought to be the smallest pieces of matter, it has been found that they are made up of even smaller particles of matter. Atoms have a particular structure of their own.

    Atoms are made up of a central nucleus, with electrons (negatively charged particles) in orbit about this nucleus Since each of the electrons has a negative charge and like charges repel one another, it could not be explained how such a configuration of electrons could stay together if no other particles existed. However, if the nucleus contained a number of protons (positively charged particles) equal to the number of electrons, the attractive force between the unlike electrical charges (electrons and protons) would be sufficient to hold the electrons in orbit about the nucleus.

    The difficulty with this theory is that the positive protons in the nucleus would repel one another. Therefore, it woul be impossible for protons alone to make up the nucleus. In 1932 Chadwick discovered a second component of the nucleus which he called a neutron. A neutron is an uncharged particle with approximately the same mass as a proton. These neutrons exert a very strong short-range force which overcomes the repulsive forces of protons one for another. Thus atoms have a central nucleus of proton and neutrons, the protons having an equal but opposit electrical charge compared to the electrons. The force of attraction between unlike charges keeps the electrons in orbit around the nucleus.

    6. Пронумеруйте предложения в соответствии с ходом изложения :

    1) The attractive force of protons holds the electrons on their orbits.
    2) A neutron mass equals that of a proton but it has no electric charge.
    3) Atoms consist of central nuclei with the electrons revolving around them.

    1.   1, 2, 3
    2.   1, 3, 2
    3.   2, 1, 3
    4.   2, 3, 1
    5.   3, 1, 2
    6.   3, 2, 1

  9. II. ТЕСТ НА ПОИСКОВОЕ ЧТЕНИЕ

    Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Although atoms were once thought to be the smallest pieces of matter, it has been found that they are made up of even smaller particles of matter. Atoms have a particular structure of their own.

    Atoms are made up of a central nucleus, with electrons (negatively charged particles) in orbit about this nucleus Since each of the electrons has a negative charge and like charges repel one another, it could not be explained how such a configuration of electrons could stay together if no other particles existed. However, if the nucleus contained a number of protons (positively charged particles) equal to the number of electrons, the attractive force between the unlike electrical charges (electrons and protons) would be sufficient to hold the electrons in orbit about the nucleus.

    The difficulty with this theory is that the positive protons in the nucleus would repel one another. Therefore, it woul be impossible for protons alone to make up the nucleus. In 1932 Chadwick discovered a second component of the nucleus which he called a neutron. A neutron is an uncharged particle with approximately the same mass as a proton. These neutrons exert a very strong short-range force which overcomes the repulsive forces of protons one for another. Thus atoms have a central nucleus of proton and neutrons, the protons having an equal but opposit electrical charge compared to the electrons. The force of attraction between unlike charges keeps the electrons in orbit around the nucleus.

    1. Определите, какому из указанных вопросов уделяется особое внимание :

    1.   Atoms are the smallest particles of matter
    2.   Positevely charged protons keep the electrons revolving round the nucleus
    3.   The discovery of a neutron helped to explain the structure of the nucleus

  10. II. ТЕСТ НА ПОИСКОВОЕ ЧТЕНИЕ

    Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Although atoms were once thought to be the smallest pieces of matter, it has been found that they are made up of even smaller particles of matter. Atoms have a particular structure of their own.

    Atoms are made up of a central nucleus, with electrons (negatively charged particles) in orbit about this nucleus Since each of the electrons has a negative charge and like charges repel one another, it could not be explained how such a configuration of electrons could stay together if no other particles existed. However, if the nucleus contained a number of protons (positively charged particles) equal to the number of electrons, the attractive force between the unlike electrical charges (electrons and protons) would be sufficient to hold the electrons in orbit about the nucleus.

    The difficulty with this theory is that the positive protons in the nucleus would repel one another. Therefore, it woul be impossible for protons alone to make up the nucleus. In 1932 Chadwick discovered a second component of the nucleus which he called a neutron. A neutron is an uncharged particle with approximately the same mass as a proton. These neutrons exert a very strong short-range force which overcomes the repulsive forces of protons one for another. Thus atoms have a central nucleus of proton and neutrons, the protons having an equal but opposit electrical charge compared to the electrons. The force of attraction between unlike charges keeps the electrons in orbit around the nucleus.

    2. Укажите абзац, в котором описаны факты, относящиеся к :
    a) The forces that hold the atom as a single unit

    1.   1
    2.   2
    3.   3
    4.   1,2
    5.   1,3
    6.   2,3

  11. II. ТЕСТ НА ПОИСКОВОЕ ЧТЕНИЕ

    Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Although atoms were once thought to be the smallest pieces of matter, it has been found that they are made up of even smaller particles of matter. Atoms have a particular structure of their own.

    Atoms are made up of a central nucleus, with electrons (negatively charged particles) in orbit about this nucleus Since each of the electrons has a negative charge and like charges repel one another, it could not be explained how such a configuration of electrons could stay together if no other particles existed. However, if the nucleus contained a number of protons (positively charged particles) equal to the number of electrons, the attractive force between the unlike electrical charges (electrons and protons) would be sufficient to hold the electrons in orbit about the nucleus.

    The difficulty with this theory is that the positive protons in the nucleus would repel one another. Therefore, it woul be impossible for protons alone to make up the nucleus. In 1932 Chadwick discovered a second component of the nucleus which he called a neutron. A neutron is an uncharged particle with approximately the same mass as a proton. These neutrons exert a very strong short-range force which overcomes the repulsive forces of protons one for another. Thus atoms have a central nucleus of proton and neutrons, the protons having an equal but opposit electrical charge compared to the electrons. The force of attraction between unlike charges keeps the electrons in orbit around the nucleus.

    2. Укажите абзац, в котором описаны факты, относящиеся к :
    b) The elements of atomic structure that overcome the repulsive forces of the protons

    1.   1
    2.   2
    3.   3
    4.   1,2
    5.   2,3
    6.   1,3

  12. II. ТЕСТ НА ПОИСКОВОЕ ЧТЕНИЕ

    Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Although atoms were once thought to be the smallest pieces of matter, it has been found that they are made up of even smaller particles of matter. Atoms have a particular structure of their own.

    Atoms are made up of a central nucleus, with electrons (negatively charged particles) in orbit about this nucleus Since each of the electrons has a negative charge and like charges repel one another, it could not be explained how such a configuration of electrons could stay together if no other particles existed. However, if the nucleus contained a number of protons (positively charged particles) equal to the number of electrons, the attractive force between the unlike electrical charges (electrons and protons) would be sufficient to hold the electrons in orbit about the nucleus.

    The difficulty with this theory is that the positive protons in the nucleus would repel one another. Therefore, it woul be impossible for protons alone to make up the nucleus. In 1932 Chadwick discovered a second component of the nucleus which he called a neutron. A neutron is an uncharged particle with approximately the same mass as a proton. These neutrons exert a very strong short-range force which overcomes the repulsive forces of protons one for another. Thus atoms have a central nucleus of proton and neutrons, the protons having an equal but opposit electrical charge compared to the electrons. The force of attraction between unlike charges keeps the electrons in orbit around the nucleus.

    2. Укажите абзац, в котором описаны факты, относящиеся к :
    с) The constituent parts of an atom

    1.   1
    2.   2
    3.   3
    4.   1,2
    5.   2,3
    6.   1,3

  13. II. ТЕСТ НА ПОИСКОВОЕ ЧТЕНИЕ

    Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Although atoms were once thought to be the smallest pieces of matter, it has been found that they are made up of even smaller particles of matter. Atoms have a particular structure of their own.

    Atoms are made up of a central nucleus, with electrons (negatively charged particles) in orbit about this nucleus Since each of the electrons has a negative charge and like charges repel one another, it could not be explained how such a configuration of electrons could stay together if no other particles existed. However, if the nucleus contained a number of protons (positively charged particles) equal to the number of electrons, the attractive force between the unlike electrical charges (electrons and protons) would be sufficient to hold the electrons in orbit about the nucleus.

    The difficulty with this theory is that the positive protons in the nucleus would repel one another. Therefore, it woul be impossible for protons alone to make up the nucleus. In 1932 Chadwick discovered a second component of the nucleus which he called a neutron. A neutron is an uncharged particle with approximately the same mass as a proton. These neutrons exert a very strong short-range force which overcomes the repulsive forces of protons one for another. Thus atoms have a central nucleus of proton and neutrons, the protons having an equal but opposit electrical charge compared to the electrons. The force of attraction between unlike charges keeps the electrons in orbit around the nucleus.

    3. Определите, является ли утверждение: "If there were no neutrons, the repulsive forces between like charges wouldn't let the atom exist"

    1.   ложным
    2.   истинным
    3.   в тексте нет информации

  14. II. ТЕСТ НА ПОИСКОВОЕ ЧТЕНИЕ

    Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Although atoms were once thought to be the smallest pieces of matter, it has been found that they are made up of even smaller particles of matter. Atoms have a particular structure of their own.

    Atoms are made up of a central nucleus, with electrons (negatively charged particles) in orbit about this nucleus Since each of the electrons has a negative charge and like charges repel one another, it could not be explained how such a configuration of electrons could stay together if no other particles existed. However, if the nucleus contained a number of protons (positively charged particles) equal to the number of electrons, the attractive force between the unlike electrical charges (electrons and protons) would be sufficient to hold the electrons in orbit about the nucleus.

    The difficulty with this theory is that the positive protons in the nucleus would repel one another. Therefore, it woul be impossible for protons alone to make up the nucleus. In 1932 Chadwick discovered a second component of the nucleus which he called a neutron. A neutron is an uncharged particle with approximately the same mass as a proton. These neutrons exert a very strong short-range force which overcomes the repulsive forces of protons one for another. Thus atoms have a central nucleus of proton and neutrons, the protons having an equal but opposit electrical charge compared to the electrons. The force of attraction between unlike charges keeps the electrons in orbit around the nucleus.

    4. Укажите абзацы, в которых содержатся ответы на следующие вопросы:
    a) What elementary particles are all the atoms built of ?

    1.   1
    2.   2
    3.   3
    4.   1,2
    5.   1,3
    6.   2,3

  15. II. ТЕСТ НА ПОИСКОВОЕ ЧТЕНИЕ

    Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Although atoms were once thought to be the smallest pieces of matter, it has been found that they are made up of even smaller particles of matter. Atoms have a particular structure of their own.

    Atoms are made up of a central nucleus, with electrons (negatively charged particles) in orbit about this nucleus Since each of the electrons has a negative charge and like charges repel one another, it could not be explained how such a configuration of electrons could stay together if no other particles existed. However, if the nucleus contained a number of protons (positively charged particles) equal to the number of electrons, the attractive force between the unlike electrical charges (electrons and protons) would be sufficient to hold the electrons in orbit about the nucleus.

    The difficulty with this theory is that the positive protons in the nucleus would repel one another. Therefore, it woul be impossible for protons alone to make up the nucleus. In 1932 Chadwick discovered a second component of the nucleus which he called a neutron. A neutron is an uncharged particle with approximately the same mass as a proton. These neutrons exert a very strong short-range force which overcomes the repulsive forces of protons one for another. Thus atoms have a central nucleus of proton and neutrons, the protons having an equal but opposit electrical charge compared to the electrons. The force of attraction between unlike charges keeps the electrons in orbit around the nucleus.

    4. Укажите абзацы, в которых содержатся ответы на следующие вопросы:
    b) What forces hold the electrons on their orbits ?

    1.   1
    2.   2
    3.   3
    4.   1,2
    5.   1,3
    6.   2,3

  16. II. ТЕСТ НА ПОИСКОВОЕ ЧТЕНИЕ

    Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Although atoms were once thought to be the smallest pieces of matter, it has been found that they are made up of even smaller particles of matter. Atoms have a particular structure of their own.

    Atoms are made up of a central nucleus, with electrons (negatively charged particles) in orbit about this nucleus Since each of the electrons has a negative charge and like charges repel one another, it could not be explained how such a configuration of electrons could stay together if no other particles existed. However, if the nucleus contained a number of protons (positively charged particles) equal to the number of electrons, the attractive force between the unlike electrical charges (electrons and protons) would be sufficient to hold the electrons in orbit about the nucleus.

    The difficulty with this theory is that the positive protons in the nucleus would repel one another. Therefore, it woul be impossible for protons alone to make up the nucleus. In 1932 Chadwick discovered a second component of the nucleus which he called a neutron. A neutron is an uncharged particle with approximately the same mass as a proton. These neutrons exert a very strong short-range force which overcomes the repulsive forces of protons one for another. Thus atoms have a central nucleus of proton and neutrons, the protons having an equal but opposit electrical charge compared to the electrons. The force of attraction between unlike charges keeps the electrons in orbit around the nucleus.

    4. Укажите абзацы, в которых содержатся ответы на следующие вопросы:
    c) Why was the discovery of a neutron so important in the development of the atomic theory ?

    1.   1
    2.   2
    3.   3
    4.   1,2
    5.   1,3
    6.   2,3

  17. III. ТЕСТ НА ИЗУЧАЮЩЕЕ ЧТЕНИЕ

    Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Although atoms were once thought to be the smallest pieces of matter, it has been found that they are made up of even smaller particles of matter. Atoms have a particular structure of their own.

    Atoms are made up of a central nucleus, with electrons (negatively charged particles) in orbit about this nucleus Since each of the electrons has a negative charge and like charges repel one another, it could not be explained how such a configuration of electrons could stay together if no other particles existed. However, if the nucleus contained a number of protons (positively charged particles) equal to the number of electrons, the attractive force between the unlike electrical charges (electrons and protons) would be sufficient to hold the electrons in orbit about the nucleus.

    The difficulty with this theory is that the positive protons in the nucleus would repel one another. Therefore, it woul be impossible for protons alone to make up the nucleus. In 1932 Chadwick discovered a second component of the nucleus which he called a neutron. A neutron is an uncharged particle with approximately the same mass as a proton. These neutrons exert a very strong short-range force which overcomes the repulsive forces of protons one for another. Thus atoms have a central nucleus of proton and neutrons, the protons having an equal but opposit electrical charge compared to the electrons. The force of attraction between unlike charges keeps the electrons in orbit around the nucleus.

    1. Закончите предложение, используя следующие варианты:
    The neutrons generate a very strong short-range force that:

    1.   ... holds the electrons on their orbits.
    2.   ... makes atoms the smallest particles of matter.
    3.   ... overcomes the repulsive forces of protons.

  18. III. ТЕСТ НА ИЗУЧАЮЩЕЕ ЧТЕНИЕ

    Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Although atoms were once thought to be the smallest pieces of matter, it has been found that they are made up of even smaller particles of matter. Atoms have a particular structure of their own.

    Atoms are made up of a central nucleus, with electrons (negatively charged particles) in orbit about this nucleus Since each of the electrons has a negative charge and like charges repel one another, it could not be explained how such a configuration of electrons could stay together if no other particles existed. However, if the nucleus contained a number of protons (positively charged particles) equal to the number of electrons, the attractive force between the unlike electrical charges (electrons and protons) would be sufficient to hold the electrons in orbit about the nucleus.

    The difficulty with this theory is that the positive protons in the nucleus would repel one another. Therefore, it woul be impossible for protons alone to make up the nucleus. In 1932 Chadwick discovered a second component of the nucleus which he called a neutron. A neutron is an uncharged particle with approximately the same mass as a proton. These neutrons exert a very strong short-range force which overcomes the repulsive forces of protons one for another. Thus atoms have a central nucleus of proton and neutrons, the protons having an equal but opposit electrical charge compared to the electrons. The force of attraction between unlike charges keeps the electrons in orbit around the nucleus.

    2. Расположите следующие предложения в последовательности, соответствующей изложению текста:
    a) In 1932 Chadwick discovered a neutron.
    b) The main difficulty in the atomic theory was that the positive protons would repel each other.
    c) The atom containing the equal number of protons and electrons, the attractive force between them holds it together.

    1.   1,2,3
    2.   1,3,2
    3.   2,1,3
    4.   2,3,1
    5.   3,1,2
    6.   3,2,1

  19. III. ТЕСТ НА ИЗУЧАЮЩЕЕ ЧТЕНИЕ

    Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Although atoms were once thought to be the smallest pieces of matter, it has been found that they are made up of even smaller particles of matter. Atoms have a particular structure of their own.

    Atoms are made up of a central nucleus, with electrons (negatively charged particles) in orbit about this nucleus Since each of the electrons has a negative charge and like charges repel one another, it could not be explained how such a configuration of electrons could stay together if no other particles existed. However, if the nucleus contained a number of protons (positively charged particles) equal to the number of electrons, the attractive force between the unlike electrical charges (electrons and protons) would be sufficient to hold the electrons in orbit about the nucleus.

    The difficulty with this theory is that the positive protons in the nucleus would repel one another. Therefore, it woul be impossible for protons alone to make up the nucleus. In 1932 Chadwick discovered a second component of the nucleus which he called a neutron. A neutron is an uncharged particle with approximately the same mass as a proton. These neutrons exert a very strong short-range force which overcomes the repulsive forces of protons one for another. Thus atoms have a central nucleus of proton and neutrons, the protons having an equal but opposit electrical charge compared to the electrons. The force of attraction between unlike charges keeps the electrons in orbit around the nucleus.

    3. Выберите ответы на вопрос, соответствующие содержанию текста:
    Were there any difficulties to overcome in the atomic theory ?

    1.   No, the atomic theory was clear from the very beginning.
    2.   The only difficulty consisted in the explanation of the forces holding the electrons on their orbits.
    3.   There were a number of difficulties, the most serious being the structure of nucleus.

  20. III. ТЕСТ НА ИЗУЧАЮЩЕЕ ЧТЕНИЕ

    Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Although atoms were once thought to be the smallest pieces of matter, it has been found that they are made up of even smaller particles of matter. Atoms have a particular structure of their own.

    Atoms are made up of a central nucleus, with electrons (negatively charged particles) in orbit about this nucleus Since each of the electrons has a negative charge and like charges repel one another, it could not be explained how such a configuration of electrons could stay together if no other particles existed. However, if the nucleus contained a number of protons (positively charged particles) equal to the number of electrons, the attractive force between the unlike electrical charges (electrons and protons) would be sufficient to hold the electrons in orbit about the nucleus.

    The difficulty with this theory is that the positive protons in the nucleus would repel one another. Therefore, it woul be impossible for protons alone to make up the nucleus. In 1932 Chadwick discovered a second component of the nucleus which he called a neutron. A neutron is an uncharged particle with approximately the same mass as a proton. These neutrons exert a very strong short-range force which overcomes the repulsive forces of protons one for another. Thus atoms have a central nucleus of proton and neutrons, the protons having an equal but opposit electrical charge compared to the electrons. The force of attraction between unlike charges keeps the electrons in orbit around the nucleus.

    4. Отметьте предложения, не относящиеся к тематике данного текста.

    1.   Attractive forces between unlike charges hold the particles within a single unit.
    2.   There exist a number of electronic orbits possessing different forms and energy levels.
    3.   A neutron is an uncharged particle having the same mass as a proton.

  21. III. ТЕСТ НА ИЗУЧАЮЩЕЕ ЧТЕНИЕ

    Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Although atoms were once thought to be the smallest pieces of matter, it has been found that they are made up of even smaller particles of matter. Atoms have a particular structure of their own.

    Atoms are made up of a central nucleus, with electrons (negatively charged particles) in orbit about this nucleus Since each of the electrons has a negative charge and like charges repel one another, it could not be explained how such a configuration of electrons could stay together if no other particles existed. However, if the nucleus contained a number of protons (positively charged particles) equal to the number of electrons, the attractive force between the unlike electrical charges (electrons and protons) would be sufficient to hold the electrons in orbit about the nucleus.

    The difficulty with this theory is that the positive protons in the nucleus would repel one another. Therefore, it woul be impossible for protons alone to make up the nucleus. In 1932 Chadwick discovered a second component of the nucleus which he called a neutron. A neutron is an uncharged particle with approximately the same mass as a proton. These neutrons exert a very strong short-range force which overcomes the repulsive forces of protons one for another. Thus atoms have a central nucleus of proton and neutrons, the protons having an equal but opposit electrical charge compared to the electrons. The force of attraction between unlike charges keeps the electrons in orbit around the nucleus.

    5. Укажите, относятся ли пункты предлагаемого плана к содержанию данного текста:
    a) Atoms as the smallest particles of matter.
    b) The discovery of neutron and its role in the atomic theory.
    c) The interaction between the electrons and central nucleus.

    1.   да
    2.   нет
    3.   частично

  22. III. ТЕСТ НА ИЗУЧАЮЩЕЕ ЧТЕНИЕ

    Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Although atoms were once thought to be the smallest pieces of matter, it has been found that they are made up of even smaller particles of matter. Atoms have a particular structure of their own.

    Atoms are made up of a central nucleus, with electrons (negatively charged particles) in orbit about this nucleus Since each of the electrons has a negative charge and like charges repel one another, it could not be explained how such a configuration of electrons could stay together if no other particles existed. However, if the nucleus contained a number of protons (positively charged particles) equal to the number of electrons, the attractive force between the unlike electrical charges (electrons and protons) would be sufficient to hold the electrons in orbit about the nucleus.

    The difficulty with this theory is that the positive protons in the nucleus would repel one another. Therefore, it woul be impossible for protons alone to make up the nucleus. In 1932 Chadwick discovered a second component of the nucleus which he called a neutron. A neutron is an uncharged particle with approximately the same mass as a proton. These neutrons exert a very strong short-range force which overcomes the repulsive forces of protons one for another. Thus atoms have a central nucleus of proton and neutrons, the protons having an equal but opposit electrical charge compared to the electrons. The force of attraction between unlike charges keeps the electrons in orbit around the nucleus.

    6. Укажите, какому из абзацев текста соответствует следующая идея:
    Without the discovery of neutrons it would be impossible to complete the theory of atomic structure.

    1.   1
    2.   2
    3.   3